CALIFORNIA BAY AREA FAULTS AND QUAKES

WEBSITE NAME www.maxpages.com/faultsnquakes J.F.M 3rd period Science Most information recieved from www.consrv.ca.gov and http://craiova.com/hazus_v20/study_purpose.htm http://www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes/eqpapers/00000044.htm

Tectonic plates pull and push or scrape against one another, stress builds up near the plates edges of the faults. From this stress, rock in the plates deforms. "DEFORMATION" is the change of the rock do to the stress. Rock along the fault deforms two ways. Plastic manner similar to a piece of molded clay. Elastic manner similar to a rubber band. Plastic deformation does not cause earthquakes. Elastic deformation how ever does. Though rock can strech farther that metal it still comes to a breaking point. Similar to a rubber band when being streched to the point of breaking, it well spring back. This step is what causes the earthquake. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earth. (Primary waves) When you squeeze an elastic material into a smaller valume or strech it to a bigger volume, the pressure inside the material changes. When letting go from the material it srpings back and forth before returning to its original shape. This is how P waves affect the rock. P waves travel through solid, gases and liquids. they are the fastest seismic waves the first to be recorded on the seismic graph. (Secondary waves) Rock can also be deformed from side to side when the rock goes back to its original position after being deformed this is what causes S waves. S waves are the second fastest seismic waves. S waves cannot travel through the earth if it is completely liquid unlike the P waves. The S waves move slower than the P wave and is messured second on the seismic graph.(Surface waves) move the ground up and down in circular motion as the waves travel along the surface. There are many people who feel that it seems to be like a roller coaster during an earthquake. This feeling comes from the suface waves. They travel the slowest but cause the most damage.

THINGS THAT ARE SUGGESTED TO HAVE IN ORDER TO BE PREPARED: LOTS OF WATER BECAUSE IF WE LEARNED ANYTHING IN THE LAST THREE MONTHS WE NEED LOTS OF WATER TO SURVIVE!!! "CATRINA" FIRST AID KIT, FIRE EXTINGUISHER, FLASHLIGHT, SLEEPINGBAG/BLANKETS, BACKPACK, SPARE CLOTHES, FOOD COOLER, NONPARISHABLE FOOD, CAN OPENER, PERSCRIPTION MEDICATION IF NEEDED, GARBAGE BAGS, A BUCKET TO USE AS A TOILET, PET FOOD. IT IS ADVISED THAT EVERYBODY SHOULD HAVE A CONTACT PERSON OUTSIDE OF THE AERA.