The piano first known as the pianoforte developed from the harpischord around 1720, by Bartolomeo Cristofori of Padua, Italy. The instrument was already over a hundred years old by the time Beethoven was writing his last sonatas, around the time when it was ousted the harpischord as a standard keyboard instrument. The piano has a central place in music since the middle of the eighteenth century. Around 1780, the upright piano was created by Johann Schmidt of Salzberg, Austria, and later improved in 1802 by Thomas Loud of London whoses upright piano had strings that ran diagonally.